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[BUNJANG] Official TOEFL ITP Grammar Structure Solving Concept Book PDF / ๊ธฐ๊ดํ ํ ITP ๋๋น ๋ฌธ๋ฒ ๊ตฌ์กฐํ์ด ๊ฐ๋ ์ ๊ต์ฌ pdf
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Description
This PDF textbook is an unofficial study material created for learners preparing for the Structure & Written Expression grammar section of the Official TOEFL ITP.
It focuses on training students to analyze sentence structure and select correct answers, rather than simply memorizing numerous grammar terms.
Recommended for:
* Those preparing for the grammar section of the Official TOEFL ITP.
* Individuals who tend to guess grammar answers.
* Those confused about how subject-verb agreement, relative clauses, participles, parallelism, comparisons, and inversions appear in questions.
* Learners who can comprehend text to some extent but struggle with consistent accuracy in grammar questions.
* Those who want to quickly review grammar concepts and problem-solving steps before the exam.
Core Approach of this Textbook:
For ITP grammar questions, judging sentence structure takes precedence over lengthy interpretation.
This textbook is organized to guide you through the following steps when approaching a question:
1. Identify the main verb of the sentence.
2. Find the true subject.
3. Mark conjunctions and relative pronouns.
4. Determine the function of the blank or underlined portion.
5. Compare the parts of speech and structures of the options.
6. Check for number, tense, voice, and parallelism.
7. Confirm with the interpretation as a final step.
The goal is to practice selecting answers based on *structural possibility* rather than *intuitive naturalness*.
PDF Content:
A grammar structure-solving concept book totaling 42 pages.
Chapter 1. The Essence of the ITP Grammar Section
- Distinguishing between Structure and Written Expression, clarifying the intent behind ITP grammar questions.
Chapter 2. The 7-Step Solving Method Applied to All Problems
- Organizing the approach needed when encountering a problem.
Chapter 3. Sentence Framework
- Subject, verb, object, complement; distinguishing complete and incomplete sentences.
Chapter 4. Subject-Verb Agreement
- How to avoid being misled by long subjects, prepositional phrases, relative clauses, and parenthetical expressions.
Chapter 5. Verb Forms
- Tense, passive voice, auxiliary verbs, perfect tenses, errors in intransitive verb passives.
Chapter 6. Participles
- Infinitives, gerunds, present participles, past participles, participial phrases.
Chapter 7. Clauses
- Noun clauses, relative clauses, adverbial clauses, relative clause reduction, adverbial clause reduction.
Chapter 8. Conjunctions and Sentence Connection
- Verb count formula, coordinating conjunctions, correlative conjunctions, distinguishing between because/because of.
Chapter 9. Parallel Structure
- Ensuring structural consistency before and after 'and', 'or', 'but'.
Chapter 10. Comparison Structures
- as~as, comparative, superlative, the comparative structure.
Chapter 11. Inversion
- Organizing inversions starting with 'not only', 'not until', 'seldom', 'only when', etc.
Chapter 12. Parts of Speech
- Determining the correct placement of nouns, adjectives, and adverbs.
Chapter 13. Nouns, Articles, and Quantity Expressions
- Countable/uncountable nouns, a/an/the, each/every/another/other.
Chapter 14. Pronouns and Demonstratives
- Using it/they, that/those, whose.
Chapter 15. Prepositions and Idiomatic Expressions
- Essential expressions like according to, consist of, be based on, responsible for.
Chapter 16. Formula for Solving Structure Fill-in-the-Blank Questions
- Approaches based on the blank's position.
Chapter 17. Formula for Finding Errors in Written Expression Underlined Sections
- A routine for narrowing down error types within 30 seconds.
Chapter 18. Signal Words in Problems
- Grammar points to immediately suspect when encountering a problem.
Chapter 19. Comprehensive Summary of Common Traps
- there is/are, relative clauses, participles vs. finite verbs, intransitive verb passives, fixed adverb positions, easily confused expressions, adjective order.
Chapter 20. Final Memorization Table for High Scores
- Verb patterns, conjunctions vs. prepositions, relative pronouns, uncountable nouns, prepositional phrases.
Advantages of this Material:
* Organized around problem-solving structures rather than difficult grammar terminology.
* Designed for separate approaches to Structure and Written Expression.
* Consolidates frequently confusing points in ITP grammar, such as subject-verb agreement, participles, relative clauses, parallelism, comparisons, and inversions.
* Provides a 7-step solving method and a 30-second error-finding routine applicable in the exam.
* Focuses on practicing by classifying problems by type, reducing the habit of solving grammar by intuition.
์ด PDF ๊ต์ฌ๋ ๊ธฐ๊ดํ ํ ITP์ Structure & Written Expression ๋ฌธ๋ฒ ํํธ๋ฅผ ์ค๋นํ๋ ํ์ต์๋ฅผ ์ํด ๋ง๋ ๋น๊ณต์ ํ์ต์๋ฃ์ ๋๋ค.
๋จ์ํ ๋ฌธ๋ฒ ์ฉ์ด๋ฅผ ๋ง์ด ์ธ์ฐ๋ ๊ฒ์ด ์๋๋ผ, ๋ฌธ์ฅ์ ๊ตฌ์กฐ์ ์ผ๋ก ๋ณด๊ณ ์ ๋ต์ ๊ณ ๋ฅด๋ ํ๋ จ์ ์ด์ ์ ๋ง์ท์ต๋๋ค.
์ด๋ฐ ๋ถ๊ป ์ถ์ฒํฉ๋๋ค
๊ธฐ๊ดํ ํ ITP ๋ฌธ๋ฒ ํํธ๋ฅผ ์ค๋นํ๋ ๋ถ
๋ฌธ๋ฒ ๋ฌธ์ ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ์ผ๋ก ํธ๋ ์ต๊ด์ด ์๋ ๋ถ
์ฃผ์ด, ๋์ฌ, ๊ด๊ณ์ , ์ค๋์ฌ, ๋ณ๋ ฌ, ๋น๊ต, ๋์น๊ฐ ๋ฌธ์ ์์ ์ด๋ป๊ฒ ๋์ค๋์ง ํท๊ฐ๋ฆฌ๋ ๋ถ
ํด์์ ์ด๋ ์ ๋ ๋์ง๋ง ๋ฌธ๋ฒ ๋ฌธ์ ์ ๋ต๋ฅ ์ด ์์ ์ ์ด์ง ์์ ๋ถ
์ํ ์ง์ ์ ๋ฌธ๋ฒ ๊ฐ๋ ๊ณผ ํ์ด ์์๋ฅผ ๋น ๋ฅด๊ฒ ์ ๋ฆฌํ๊ณ ์ถ์ ๋ถ
์ด ๊ต์ฌ์ ํต์ฌ ๋ฐฉํฅ
ITP ๋ฌธ๋ฒ ๋ฌธ์ ๋ ๊ธด ํด์๋ณด๋ค ๋ฌธ์ฅ ๊ตฌ์กฐ ํ๋จ์ด ๋จผ์ ์ ๋๋ค.
์ด ๊ต์ฌ๋ ๋ฌธ์ ๋ฅผ ๋ณผ ๋ ๋ค์ ์์๋ก ํ๋จํ๋๋ก ๊ตฌ์ฑํ์ต๋๋ค.
๋ฌธ์ฅ์ ์ง์ง ๋์ฌ๋ฅผ ์ฐพ๊ธฐ
์ง์ง ์ฃผ์ด ์ฐพ๊ธฐ
์ ์์ฌ์ ๊ด๊ณ์ฌ ํ์ํ๊ธฐ
๋น์นธ ๋๋ ๋ฐ์ค์ ์ญํ ํ๋จํ๊ธฐ
์ ํ์ง์ ํ์ฌ์ ๊ตฌ์กฐ ๋น๊ตํ๊ธฐ
์, ์์ , ํ, ๋ณ๋ ฌ ์ ๊ฒํ๊ธฐ
๋ง์ง๋ง์ ํด์์ผ๋ก ํ์ธํ๊ธฐ
์ฆ, โ๋๋์ ์์ฐ์ค๋ฌ์ด ๋ตโ์ด ์๋๋ผ โ๋ฌธ์ฅ ๊ตฌ์กฐ์ ๊ฐ๋ฅํ ๋ตโ์ ๊ณ ๋ฅด๋ ์ฐ์ต์ ๋ชฉํ๋ก ํฉ๋๋ค.
PDF ๊ตฌ์ฑ
์ด 42ํ์ด์ง ๋ถ๋์ ๋ฌธ๋ฒ ๊ตฌ์กฐํ์ด ๊ฐ๋ ์์ ๋๋ค.
1์ฅ. ITP ๋ฌธ๋ฒ ํํธ์ ๋ณธ์ง
Structure์ Written Expression์ ์ฐจ์ด, ITP ๋ฌธ๋ฒ ๋ฌธ์ ์ ์ถ์ ์๋ ์ ๋ฆฌ
2์ฅ. ๋ชจ๋ ๋ฌธ์ ์ ์ ์ฉํ๋ 7๋จ๊ณ ํ์ด๋ฒ
๋ฌธ์ ๋ฅผ ๋ดค์ ๋ ์ด๋ค ์์๋ก ์ ๊ทผํด์ผ ํ๋์ง ์ ๋ฆฌ
3์ฅ. ๋ฌธ์ฅ ๋ผ๋
์ฃผ์ด, ๋์ฌ, ๋ชฉ์ ์ด, ๋ณด์ด / ์์ ํ ๋ฌธ์ฅ๊ณผ ๋ถ์์ ํ ๋ฌธ์ฅ ๊ตฌ๋ณ
4์ฅ. ์ฃผ์ด-๋์ฌ ์ผ์น
๊ธด ์ฃผ์ด, ์ ์น์ฌ๊ตฌ, ๊ด๊ณ์ , ์ฝ์ ๊ตฌ์ ์์ง ์๋ ๋ฒ
5์ฅ. ๋์ฌ ํํ
์์ , ์๋ํ, ์กฐ๋์ฌ, ์๋ฃํ, ์๋์ฌ ์๋ํ ์ค๋ฅ
6์ฅ. ์ค๋์ฌ
to๋ถ์ ์ฌ, ๋๋ช ์ฌ, ํ์ฌ๋ถ์ฌ, ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ๋ถ์ฌ, ๋ถ์ฌ๊ตฌ๋ฌธ
7์ฅ. ์
๋ช ์ฌ์ , ๊ด๊ณ์ , ๋ถ์ฌ์ , ๊ด๊ณ์ ์ถ์ฝ, ๋ถ์ฌ์ ์ถ์ฝ
8์ฅ. ์ ์์ฌ์ ๋ฌธ์ฅ ์ฐ๊ฒฐ
๋์ฌ ๊ฐ์ ๊ณต์, ๋ฑ์์ ์์ฌ, ์๊ด์ ์์ฌ, because/because of ๊ตฌ๋ณ
9์ฅ. ๋ณ๋ ฌ ๊ตฌ์กฐ
and, or, but ์๋ค ๊ตฌ์กฐ ๋ง์ถ๊ธฐ
10์ฅ. ๋น๊ต ๊ตฌ๋ฌธ
as~as, ๋น๊ต๊ธ, ์ต์๊ธ, the ๋น๊ต๊ธ ๊ตฌ์กฐ
11์ฅ. ๋์น
not only, not until, seldom, only when ๋ฑ ๋ฌธ๋ ๋์น ์ ๋ฆฌ
12์ฅ. ํ์ฌ
๋ช ์ฌ, ํ์ฉ์ฌ, ๋ถ์ฌ ์๋ฆฌ ํ๋จ
13์ฅ. ๋ช ์ฌ, ๊ด์ฌ, ์๋ ํํ
๊ฐ์ฐ/๋ถ๊ฐ์ฐ ๋ช ์ฌ, a/an/the, each/every/another/other
14์ฅ. ๋๋ช ์ฌ์ ์ง์์ด
it/they, that/those, whose ์ฌ์ฉ
15์ฅ. ์ ์น์ฌ์ ๊ด์ฉ ํํ
according to, consist of, be based on, responsible for ๋ฑ ํ์ ํํ
16์ฅ. Structure ๋น์นธ ๋ฌธ์ ํ์ด ๊ณต์
๋น์นธ ์์น๋ณ ์ ๊ทผ๋ฒ
17์ฅ. Written Expression ๋ฐ์ค ์ค๋ฅ ์ฐพ๊ธฐ ๊ณต์
30์ด ์์ ์ค๋ฅ ์ ํ์ ์ขํ๋ ๋ฃจํด
18์ฅ. ๋ฌธ์ ์ ์ ํธํ
๋ฌธ์ ๋ฅผ ๋ดค์ ๋ ๋ฐ๋ก ์์ฌํด์ผ ํ ๋ฌธ๋ฒ ํฌ์ธํธ ์ ๋ฆฌ
19์ฅ. ๋น์ถ ํจ์ ์ด์ ๋ฆฌ
there is/are, ๊ด๊ณ์ฌ ๋ค, ๋ถ์ฌ์ ์ ๋์ฌ, ์๋์ฌ ์๋ํ, ์์น๊ฐ ๊ณ ์ ๋ ๋ถ์ฌ, ํผ๋ํ๊ธฐ ์ฌ์ด ํํ, ํ์ฉ์ฌ ์ด์
20์ฅ. ๊ณ ๋์ ์ฉ ์ต์ข ์๊ธฐํ
๋์ฌ ํจํด, ์ ์์ฌ vs ์ ์น์ฌ, ๊ด๊ณ์ฌ, ๋ถ๊ฐ์ฐ ๋ช ์ฌ, ์ ์น์ฌ ๋ฉ์ด๋ฆฌ
์ด ์๋ฃ์ ์ฅ์
์ด๋ ค์ด ๋ฌธ๋ฒ ์ฉ์ด๋ณด๋ค ๋ฌธ์ ํ์ด์ ํ์ํ ๊ตฌ์กฐ ์ค์ฌ์ผ๋ก ์ ๋ฆฌํ์ต๋๋ค.
Structure์ Written Expression์ ๋ฐ๋ก ์ ๊ทผํ ์ ์๊ฒ ๊ตฌ์ฑํ์ต๋๋ค.
์ฃผ์ด-๋์ฌ, ์ค๋์ฌ, ๊ด๊ณ์ , ๋ณ๋ ฌ, ๋น๊ต, ๋์น์ฒ๋ผ ITP ๋ฌธ๋ฒ์์ ์์ฃผ ํท๊ฐ๋ฆฌ๋ ํฌ์ธํธ๋ฅผ ํ ๋ฒ์ ์ ๋ฆฌํ์ต๋๋ค.
์ํ์ฅ์์ ๋ฐ๋ก ์ ์ฉํ ์ ์๋ 7๋จ๊ณ ํ์ด๋ฒ๊ณผ 30์ด ์ค๋ฅ ์ฐพ๊ธฐ ๋ฃจํด์ ์ ๊ณตํฉ๋๋ค.
๋ฌธ๋ฒ์ ๊ฐ์ผ๋ก ํธ๋ ์ต๊ด์ ์ค์ด๊ณ , ๋ฌธ์ ๋ฅผ ์ ํ๋ณ๋ก ๋ถ๋ฅํ๋ ์ฐ์ต์ ์ด์ ์ ๋ง์ท์ต๋๋ค.
It focuses on training students to analyze sentence structure and select correct answers, rather than simply memorizing numerous grammar terms.
Recommended for:
* Those preparing for the grammar section of the Official TOEFL ITP.
* Individuals who tend to guess grammar answers.
* Those confused about how subject-verb agreement, relative clauses, participles, parallelism, comparisons, and inversions appear in questions.
* Learners who can comprehend text to some extent but struggle with consistent accuracy in grammar questions.
* Those who want to quickly review grammar concepts and problem-solving steps before the exam.
Core Approach of this Textbook:
For ITP grammar questions, judging sentence structure takes precedence over lengthy interpretation.
This textbook is organized to guide you through the following steps when approaching a question:
1. Identify the main verb of the sentence.
2. Find the true subject.
3. Mark conjunctions and relative pronouns.
4. Determine the function of the blank or underlined portion.
5. Compare the parts of speech and structures of the options.
6. Check for number, tense, voice, and parallelism.
7. Confirm with the interpretation as a final step.
The goal is to practice selecting answers based on *structural possibility* rather than *intuitive naturalness*.
PDF Content:
A grammar structure-solving concept book totaling 42 pages.
Chapter 1. The Essence of the ITP Grammar Section
- Distinguishing between Structure and Written Expression, clarifying the intent behind ITP grammar questions.
Chapter 2. The 7-Step Solving Method Applied to All Problems
- Organizing the approach needed when encountering a problem.
Chapter 3. Sentence Framework
- Subject, verb, object, complement; distinguishing complete and incomplete sentences.
Chapter 4. Subject-Verb Agreement
- How to avoid being misled by long subjects, prepositional phrases, relative clauses, and parenthetical expressions.
Chapter 5. Verb Forms
- Tense, passive voice, auxiliary verbs, perfect tenses, errors in intransitive verb passives.
Chapter 6. Participles
- Infinitives, gerunds, present participles, past participles, participial phrases.
Chapter 7. Clauses
- Noun clauses, relative clauses, adverbial clauses, relative clause reduction, adverbial clause reduction.
Chapter 8. Conjunctions and Sentence Connection
- Verb count formula, coordinating conjunctions, correlative conjunctions, distinguishing between because/because of.
Chapter 9. Parallel Structure
- Ensuring structural consistency before and after 'and', 'or', 'but'.
Chapter 10. Comparison Structures
- as~as, comparative, superlative, the comparative structure.
Chapter 11. Inversion
- Organizing inversions starting with 'not only', 'not until', 'seldom', 'only when', etc.
Chapter 12. Parts of Speech
- Determining the correct placement of nouns, adjectives, and adverbs.
Chapter 13. Nouns, Articles, and Quantity Expressions
- Countable/uncountable nouns, a/an/the, each/every/another/other.
Chapter 14. Pronouns and Demonstratives
- Using it/they, that/those, whose.
Chapter 15. Prepositions and Idiomatic Expressions
- Essential expressions like according to, consist of, be based on, responsible for.
Chapter 16. Formula for Solving Structure Fill-in-the-Blank Questions
- Approaches based on the blank's position.
Chapter 17. Formula for Finding Errors in Written Expression Underlined Sections
- A routine for narrowing down error types within 30 seconds.
Chapter 18. Signal Words in Problems
- Grammar points to immediately suspect when encountering a problem.
Chapter 19. Comprehensive Summary of Common Traps
- there is/are, relative clauses, participles vs. finite verbs, intransitive verb passives, fixed adverb positions, easily confused expressions, adjective order.
Chapter 20. Final Memorization Table for High Scores
- Verb patterns, conjunctions vs. prepositions, relative pronouns, uncountable nouns, prepositional phrases.
Advantages of this Material:
* Organized around problem-solving structures rather than difficult grammar terminology.
* Designed for separate approaches to Structure and Written Expression.
* Consolidates frequently confusing points in ITP grammar, such as subject-verb agreement, participles, relative clauses, parallelism, comparisons, and inversions.
* Provides a 7-step solving method and a 30-second error-finding routine applicable in the exam.
* Focuses on practicing by classifying problems by type, reducing the habit of solving grammar by intuition.
์ด PDF ๊ต์ฌ๋ ๊ธฐ๊ดํ ํ ITP์ Structure & Written Expression ๋ฌธ๋ฒ ํํธ๋ฅผ ์ค๋นํ๋ ํ์ต์๋ฅผ ์ํด ๋ง๋ ๋น๊ณต์ ํ์ต์๋ฃ์ ๋๋ค.
๋จ์ํ ๋ฌธ๋ฒ ์ฉ์ด๋ฅผ ๋ง์ด ์ธ์ฐ๋ ๊ฒ์ด ์๋๋ผ, ๋ฌธ์ฅ์ ๊ตฌ์กฐ์ ์ผ๋ก ๋ณด๊ณ ์ ๋ต์ ๊ณ ๋ฅด๋ ํ๋ จ์ ์ด์ ์ ๋ง์ท์ต๋๋ค.
์ด๋ฐ ๋ถ๊ป ์ถ์ฒํฉ๋๋ค
๊ธฐ๊ดํ ํ ITP ๋ฌธ๋ฒ ํํธ๋ฅผ ์ค๋นํ๋ ๋ถ
๋ฌธ๋ฒ ๋ฌธ์ ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ์ผ๋ก ํธ๋ ์ต๊ด์ด ์๋ ๋ถ
์ฃผ์ด, ๋์ฌ, ๊ด๊ณ์ , ์ค๋์ฌ, ๋ณ๋ ฌ, ๋น๊ต, ๋์น๊ฐ ๋ฌธ์ ์์ ์ด๋ป๊ฒ ๋์ค๋์ง ํท๊ฐ๋ฆฌ๋ ๋ถ
ํด์์ ์ด๋ ์ ๋ ๋์ง๋ง ๋ฌธ๋ฒ ๋ฌธ์ ์ ๋ต๋ฅ ์ด ์์ ์ ์ด์ง ์์ ๋ถ
์ํ ์ง์ ์ ๋ฌธ๋ฒ ๊ฐ๋ ๊ณผ ํ์ด ์์๋ฅผ ๋น ๋ฅด๊ฒ ์ ๋ฆฌํ๊ณ ์ถ์ ๋ถ
์ด ๊ต์ฌ์ ํต์ฌ ๋ฐฉํฅ
ITP ๋ฌธ๋ฒ ๋ฌธ์ ๋ ๊ธด ํด์๋ณด๋ค ๋ฌธ์ฅ ๊ตฌ์กฐ ํ๋จ์ด ๋จผ์ ์ ๋๋ค.
์ด ๊ต์ฌ๋ ๋ฌธ์ ๋ฅผ ๋ณผ ๋ ๋ค์ ์์๋ก ํ๋จํ๋๋ก ๊ตฌ์ฑํ์ต๋๋ค.
๋ฌธ์ฅ์ ์ง์ง ๋์ฌ๋ฅผ ์ฐพ๊ธฐ
์ง์ง ์ฃผ์ด ์ฐพ๊ธฐ
์ ์์ฌ์ ๊ด๊ณ์ฌ ํ์ํ๊ธฐ
๋น์นธ ๋๋ ๋ฐ์ค์ ์ญํ ํ๋จํ๊ธฐ
์ ํ์ง์ ํ์ฌ์ ๊ตฌ์กฐ ๋น๊ตํ๊ธฐ
์, ์์ , ํ, ๋ณ๋ ฌ ์ ๊ฒํ๊ธฐ
๋ง์ง๋ง์ ํด์์ผ๋ก ํ์ธํ๊ธฐ
์ฆ, โ๋๋์ ์์ฐ์ค๋ฌ์ด ๋ตโ์ด ์๋๋ผ โ๋ฌธ์ฅ ๊ตฌ์กฐ์ ๊ฐ๋ฅํ ๋ตโ์ ๊ณ ๋ฅด๋ ์ฐ์ต์ ๋ชฉํ๋ก ํฉ๋๋ค.
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์ด 42ํ์ด์ง ๋ถ๋์ ๋ฌธ๋ฒ ๊ตฌ์กฐํ์ด ๊ฐ๋ ์์ ๋๋ค.
1์ฅ. ITP ๋ฌธ๋ฒ ํํธ์ ๋ณธ์ง
Structure์ Written Expression์ ์ฐจ์ด, ITP ๋ฌธ๋ฒ ๋ฌธ์ ์ ์ถ์ ์๋ ์ ๋ฆฌ
2์ฅ. ๋ชจ๋ ๋ฌธ์ ์ ์ ์ฉํ๋ 7๋จ๊ณ ํ์ด๋ฒ
๋ฌธ์ ๋ฅผ ๋ดค์ ๋ ์ด๋ค ์์๋ก ์ ๊ทผํด์ผ ํ๋์ง ์ ๋ฆฌ
3์ฅ. ๋ฌธ์ฅ ๋ผ๋
์ฃผ์ด, ๋์ฌ, ๋ชฉ์ ์ด, ๋ณด์ด / ์์ ํ ๋ฌธ์ฅ๊ณผ ๋ถ์์ ํ ๋ฌธ์ฅ ๊ตฌ๋ณ
4์ฅ. ์ฃผ์ด-๋์ฌ ์ผ์น
๊ธด ์ฃผ์ด, ์ ์น์ฌ๊ตฌ, ๊ด๊ณ์ , ์ฝ์ ๊ตฌ์ ์์ง ์๋ ๋ฒ
5์ฅ. ๋์ฌ ํํ
์์ , ์๋ํ, ์กฐ๋์ฌ, ์๋ฃํ, ์๋์ฌ ์๋ํ ์ค๋ฅ
6์ฅ. ์ค๋์ฌ
to๋ถ์ ์ฌ, ๋๋ช ์ฌ, ํ์ฌ๋ถ์ฌ, ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ๋ถ์ฌ, ๋ถ์ฌ๊ตฌ๋ฌธ
7์ฅ. ์
๋ช ์ฌ์ , ๊ด๊ณ์ , ๋ถ์ฌ์ , ๊ด๊ณ์ ์ถ์ฝ, ๋ถ์ฌ์ ์ถ์ฝ
8์ฅ. ์ ์์ฌ์ ๋ฌธ์ฅ ์ฐ๊ฒฐ
๋์ฌ ๊ฐ์ ๊ณต์, ๋ฑ์์ ์์ฌ, ์๊ด์ ์์ฌ, because/because of ๊ตฌ๋ณ
9์ฅ. ๋ณ๋ ฌ ๊ตฌ์กฐ
and, or, but ์๋ค ๊ตฌ์กฐ ๋ง์ถ๊ธฐ
10์ฅ. ๋น๊ต ๊ตฌ๋ฌธ
as~as, ๋น๊ต๊ธ, ์ต์๊ธ, the ๋น๊ต๊ธ ๊ตฌ์กฐ
11์ฅ. ๋์น
not only, not until, seldom, only when ๋ฑ ๋ฌธ๋ ๋์น ์ ๋ฆฌ
12์ฅ. ํ์ฌ
๋ช ์ฌ, ํ์ฉ์ฌ, ๋ถ์ฌ ์๋ฆฌ ํ๋จ
13์ฅ. ๋ช ์ฌ, ๊ด์ฌ, ์๋ ํํ
๊ฐ์ฐ/๋ถ๊ฐ์ฐ ๋ช ์ฌ, a/an/the, each/every/another/other
14์ฅ. ๋๋ช ์ฌ์ ์ง์์ด
it/they, that/those, whose ์ฌ์ฉ
15์ฅ. ์ ์น์ฌ์ ๊ด์ฉ ํํ
according to, consist of, be based on, responsible for ๋ฑ ํ์ ํํ
16์ฅ. Structure ๋น์นธ ๋ฌธ์ ํ์ด ๊ณต์
๋น์นธ ์์น๋ณ ์ ๊ทผ๋ฒ
17์ฅ. Written Expression ๋ฐ์ค ์ค๋ฅ ์ฐพ๊ธฐ ๊ณต์
30์ด ์์ ์ค๋ฅ ์ ํ์ ์ขํ๋ ๋ฃจํด
18์ฅ. ๋ฌธ์ ์ ์ ํธํ
๋ฌธ์ ๋ฅผ ๋ดค์ ๋ ๋ฐ๋ก ์์ฌํด์ผ ํ ๋ฌธ๋ฒ ํฌ์ธํธ ์ ๋ฆฌ
19์ฅ. ๋น์ถ ํจ์ ์ด์ ๋ฆฌ
there is/are, ๊ด๊ณ์ฌ ๋ค, ๋ถ์ฌ์ ์ ๋์ฌ, ์๋์ฌ ์๋ํ, ์์น๊ฐ ๊ณ ์ ๋ ๋ถ์ฌ, ํผ๋ํ๊ธฐ ์ฌ์ด ํํ, ํ์ฉ์ฌ ์ด์
20์ฅ. ๊ณ ๋์ ์ฉ ์ต์ข ์๊ธฐํ
๋์ฌ ํจํด, ์ ์์ฌ vs ์ ์น์ฌ, ๊ด๊ณ์ฌ, ๋ถ๊ฐ์ฐ ๋ช ์ฌ, ์ ์น์ฌ ๋ฉ์ด๋ฆฌ
์ด ์๋ฃ์ ์ฅ์
์ด๋ ค์ด ๋ฌธ๋ฒ ์ฉ์ด๋ณด๋ค ๋ฌธ์ ํ์ด์ ํ์ํ ๊ตฌ์กฐ ์ค์ฌ์ผ๋ก ์ ๋ฆฌํ์ต๋๋ค.
Structure์ Written Expression์ ๋ฐ๋ก ์ ๊ทผํ ์ ์๊ฒ ๊ตฌ์ฑํ์ต๋๋ค.
์ฃผ์ด-๋์ฌ, ์ค๋์ฌ, ๊ด๊ณ์ , ๋ณ๋ ฌ, ๋น๊ต, ๋์น์ฒ๋ผ ITP ๋ฌธ๋ฒ์์ ์์ฃผ ํท๊ฐ๋ฆฌ๋ ํฌ์ธํธ๋ฅผ ํ ๋ฒ์ ์ ๋ฆฌํ์ต๋๋ค.
์ํ์ฅ์์ ๋ฐ๋ก ์ ์ฉํ ์ ์๋ 7๋จ๊ณ ํ์ด๋ฒ๊ณผ 30์ด ์ค๋ฅ ์ฐพ๊ธฐ ๋ฃจํด์ ์ ๊ณตํฉ๋๋ค.
๋ฌธ๋ฒ์ ๊ฐ์ผ๋ก ํธ๋ ์ต๊ด์ ์ค์ด๊ณ , ๋ฌธ์ ๋ฅผ ์ ํ๋ณ๋ก ๋ถ๋ฅํ๋ ์ฐ์ต์ ์ด์ ์ ๋ง์ท์ต๋๋ค.
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